Vaginal yeast infection, caused by an overgrowth of the yeast known as candida, is a common fungal infection that affects women. Candida is a type of fungus that is normally present in the body, but when its growth gets out of control, it leads to yeast infection. This type of infection is also referred to as vaginal candidiasis or simply a yeast infection. It is most commonly seen in women who have reached puberty and those who have not yet gone through menopause.
The major cause of vaginal yeast infection is candida albicans, which is responsible for most cases of this infection. However, there are other causes as well, such as the use of antibiotics, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, and birth control pills. Antibiotics are generally used to kill harmful bacteria in the body, but they can also destroy some essential bacteria, like lactobacillus, that help maintain a healthy vaginal environment. Without enough lactobacillus, the vagina becomes less acidic and more susceptible to yeast infection. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also disturb the pH balance of the vagina, leading to an increased risk of yeast infection.
Uncontrolled diabetes can raise blood sugar levels, and this increase in sugar can cause vaginal yeast infections. Although birth control pills do not directly cause yeast infections, they can disrupt the natural hormonal balance of the body. Birth control pills contain estrogen and progestin, which can cause hormonal changes that increase the risk of vaginal infection.
The symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva, burning sensation during sexual intercourse or urination, redness and swelling of the vulva, vaginal pain and soreness, and thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance. Watery vaginal discharge may also be present.
Treatment for vaginal yeast infections involves the use of antifungal medications, which can be either oral or topical, including suppositories. These medications work by fighting the overgrowth of yeast in the body. Treatment is typically determined based on the severity of the infection and should be recommended by a doctor or healthcare provider. It is important to see a medical professional in case of recurring vaginal yeast infections.
To reduce the risk of vaginal infections, it is important to avoid tight-fitting pantyhose, douching, scented feminine products, and staying in wet clothes for an extended period of time. Antibiotic usage should also be limited to only when necessary. Proper personal hygiene practices should be followed, such as wiping from front to back after using the toilet and washing the genital area with mild soap and water. By following these preventive measures, women can minimize their chances of developing a vaginal yeast infection and maintain a healthy vaginal environment.
Credit: Eunice Dacosta Gyebi
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